How does temperature affect optics?

Temperature has a significant impact on optics primarily due to factors such as lens fogging and the physical properties of the materials used in optical devices. In extreme temperature conditions, moisture in the air can condense on cool lenses, causing fogging that obstructs vision. Additionally, materials used to construct lenses and optical components can expand or contract with temperature fluctuations. This thermal expansion can lead to misalignment of the optical system, affecting accuracy and performance. Therefore, understanding how temperature influences these elements is crucial for maintaining optimal clarity and alignment in optical instruments.

The other options do not accurately address the comprehensive effects that temperature can have on optics. While temperature might influence clarity or durability, the nuanced interplay of fogging and material changes presents a more realistic and relevant understanding of the situation.